Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET): Driving Youth Skills to Narrow the Economic Divide in Eswatini

Abstract

The study explores the role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in addressing youth unemployment and economic disparity in Eswatini. TVET, established in 1999 under a 1989 UNESCO mandate, aimed to foster skills development and economic growth in developing countries. However, challenges such as poor global market performance and the COVID-19 pandemic have worsened Eswatini's economic situation, marked by declining government revenues and rising unemployment, crime, and social unrest. In response, the research examines how TVET can help bridge the economic divide among Eswatini’s youth. A quantitative approach was used, employing a descriptive survey design. Data were gathered from lecturers across five TVET institutions using a validated questionnaire, with a strong reliability score (Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.80). Analysis involved mean, standard deviation, and t-tests. Findings indicate that TVETs have significant potential to contribute to community development by equipping young people with practical skills for better employment prospects. The study recommends stronger partnerships between government and private sectors to enhance the effectiveness of TVETs. It also advocates for meaningful internship experiences and efforts to make TVET programs more appealing to young people. These steps could maximize the economic benefits of TVET initiatives and help address the socio-economic challenges faced by Eswatini’s youth.